Muguti G I, Doolabh D P, Chakanyuka C, Fleming A N
Department of Surgery, Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1994 Aug;39(4):214-7.
A retrospective study is presented of 297 patients (57% male and 43% female) treated for burns at Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe in 1991. Of the patients, 73% were in the paediatric age group, 60% of whom were under 5 years of age. Most burns occurred at home (90%), with the majority occurring in the kitchen (61%). The commonest burning agent was hot water (55%). Open-fire burns accounted for 18% of cases. The surface area of burns ranged from 1% to 80% with a mean of 7%. The majority of patients (84%) had superficial thickness burns. Only 6% of the patients required active resuscitation with intravenous fluids. A total of 159 organisms were isolated on 111 pus swabs. The most commonly isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus (66%). Seven patients (five children and two adults) died, giving a mortality rate of 2%. Although it is desirable to have a purpose-built burns unit this study shows that satisfactory results can be achieved with limited facilities. In our practice, where 90% of burns occur in the home situation, an active public-education campaign would help to reduce the incidence of burns.
本文对1991年在津巴布韦布拉瓦约市姆皮洛中心医院接受烧伤治疗的297例患者（男性占57%，女性占43%）进行了回顾性研究。这些患者中，73%为儿童年龄组，其中60%年龄在5岁以下。大多数烧伤发生在家中（90%），其中大部分发生在厨房（61%）。最常见的致伤物是热水（55%）。明火烧伤占病例的18%。烧伤面积从1%到80%不等，平均为7%。大多数患者（84%）为浅度烧伤。只有6%的患者需要进行静脉补液积极复苏。在111份脓液拭子上共分离出159种微生物。最常分离出的微生物是金黄色葡萄球菌（66%）。7例患者（5名儿童和2名成人）死亡，死亡率为2%。尽管拥有专门的烧伤病房是理想的，但本研究表明，在有限的设施条件下也能取得满意的结果。在我们的实际情况中，90%的烧伤发生在家中，积极开展公众教育活动将有助于降低烧伤的发生率。
