van Duijkeren E
Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Small Anim Pract. 1995 Jan;36(1):12-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02756.x.
The literature about the anal sacs of healthy dogs and the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of anal sac impaction and sacculitis are reviewed. Knowledge about the physiological role of the anal sacs is still confusing. The colour and consistency of the anal sac contents are variable in healthy dogs and there are no pathognomonic signs of anal sac impaction or sacculitis. The wide variation in macroscopic detail of anal sac secretions may give rise to misinterpretation and thus overdiagnosis of sacculitis. Other diseases such as vaginitis, flea allergy, atopy, proctitis, parasites and perianal fistulae can lead to similar signs and must be eliminated from the differential diagnosis before the anal sacs are incited as the cause of the signs. Further research is necessary on the morphological, physical and biochemical aspects of the anal sacs and their secretions to define more precise criteria for the diagnosis of impaction and sacculitis. It is imperative that controlled therapeutic trials should be performed, and such studies are indispensable for the rational therapy of anal sac disease.
本文综述了有关健康犬肛门囊以及肛门囊阻塞和囊炎的发病机制、诊断与治疗的文献。关于肛门囊的生理作用的知识仍存在混淆。健康犬肛门囊内容物的颜色和稠度各不相同，且没有肛门囊阻塞或囊炎的特征性体征。肛门囊分泌物宏观细节的广泛差异可能导致误解，从而对囊炎进行过度诊断。其他疾病，如阴道炎、跳蚤过敏、特应性皮炎、直肠炎、寄生虫和肛周瘘管，可导致类似症状，在将肛门囊作为症状原因之前，必须在鉴别诊断中排除这些疾病。有必要对肛门囊及其分泌物的形态、物理和生化方面进行进一步研究，以确定更精确的阻塞和囊炎诊断标准。必须进行对照治疗试验，此类研究对于肛门囊疾病的合理治疗不可或缺。
