A soluble chimeric form of the L1 glycoprotein stimulates neurite outgrowth.

Cerebellar neurons, cultured on monolayers of 3T3 fibroblasts or on a polylysine/extracellular matrix-coated substratum, responded to a soluble recombinant L1-Fc chimera by extending longer neurites than controls. The response was inhibited by pretreating neurons with antibodies to L1 or antibodies to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor. The response could also be inhibited by a range of pharmacological reagents that inhibit various steps in the signal transduction cascade which underlie a neurite outgrowth response to basic FGF. The response was of a similar magnitude and not additive with that induced by L1 expressed in a cellular substrate. These data show that L1 in neurons is capable of directing a neurite outgrowth response to a soluble L1-Fc chimera, and that neuronal FGF receptor function is required for this response. The data also show that the ability of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) to stimulate neurite outgrowth can be dissociated from their ability to function as substrate-associated adhesion molecules and point to the potential of using CAM-Fc chimeras to promote nerve regeneration.