Matsukawa N, Okada S
Department of Anatomy, Osaka Dental University, Japan.
Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1994 Oct;71(4):259-77. doi: 10.2535/ofaj1936.71.4_259.
The microvascular architecture of the fungiform, vallate and foliate papillae was investigated under scanning electron microscope in man, common squirrel monkeys, common marmosets, common tree shrews (primates), large Japanese moles and dwarf shrews (insectivores) utilizing microvascular corrosion casts. The fungiform papilla of the lingual apex in man was supplied by an intrapapillary capillary network with a globular pattern. It was composed of 10-15 capillary loops in a circular arrangement and 5-7 thick capillaries in the center. The fungiform papilla of the lingual body was supplied by a dense capillary network on the top and lateral surfaces. That in other primates was supplied by a cylindrical capillary network and loop formation was seen on the top surface. That in insectivores was supplied by a thin cylindrical network with coarse meshes, at the tips of which were observed 2 or 3 capillary rings in the mole and only one in the dwarf shrew. The vallate papilla in primates was supplied by an intrapapillary capillary network with a globular pattern, and showed irregularly tortuous capillary loops on its top surface. The vallum was supplied by a capillary network in man and usually one or two rows of loops arranged in a circle in other primates. The vallate papilla in insectivores was supplied by a doughnut-like capillary network with a recess on the top surface, and an indistinctly low vallum by a low undulating network. The foliate papillae were most developed in man, and each lobule was supplied by capillaries passing longitudinal to it and capillary loops in 5-10 regular rows on the top, but 3-5 rudimentary lobules in the squirrel monkey and marmoset. In the two species, each lobule was supplied by one arteriole, one venule and a coarse capillary network continuing from the interpapillary network. No foliate papilla was observed, but large conical papillae were noted in the tree shrew and insectivores. In conclusion, the intrapapillary vasculature appeared most complicated in man, simplified in the squirrel monkey and marmoset, and was much more simplified in the insectivores, where it was quite different from that in the primates. The pattern of the intrapapillary vasculature in the tree shrew was transitional between primates and insectivores.
利用微血管铸型，在扫描电子显微镜下对人类、普通松鼠猴、普通狨猴、普通树鼩（灵长类）、大日本鼹鼠和矮鼩鼱（食虫类）的菌状乳头、轮廓乳头和叶状乳头的微血管结构进行了研究。人类舌尖的菌状乳头由具有球状模式的乳头内毛细血管网供血。它由呈圆形排列的10 - 15个毛细血管袢和中央的5 - 7根粗大毛细血管组成。舌体的菌状乳头由顶部和侧面的密集毛细血管网供血。其他灵长类动物的菌状乳头由圆柱形毛细血管网供血，在顶表面可见袢状结构。食虫类动物的菌状乳头由具有粗网眼的细圆柱形网络供血，在鼹鼠的尖端观察到2或3个毛细血管环，而在矮鼩鼱中仅观察到1个。灵长类动物的轮廓乳头由具有球状模式的乳头内毛细血管网供血，在其顶表面可见不规则迂曲的毛细血管袢。在人类中，轮廓乳头的壁由毛细血管网供血，而在其他灵长类动物中通常由一或两排呈圆形排列的袢供血。食虫类动物的轮廓乳头由顶部表面有凹陷的甜甜圈状毛细血管网供血，而轮廓乳头壁不明显较低，由低起伏的网络供血。叶状乳头在人类中最为发达，每个小叶由纵向穿过它的毛细血管和顶部5 - 10排规则排列的毛细血管袢供血，但在松鼠猴和狨猴中有3 - 5个发育不全的小叶。在这两个物种中，每个小叶由一条小动脉、一条小静脉和从乳头间网络延续而来的粗毛细血管网供血。在树鼩和食虫类动物中未观察到叶状乳头，但注意到有大的圆锥形乳头。总之，乳头内血管系统在人类中显得最为复杂，在松鼠猴和狨猴中简化，在食虫类动物中则更加简化，且与灵长类动物的截然不同。树鼩的乳头内血管模式介于灵长类动物和食虫类动物之间。
