Langmann A, Lindner S
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Graz Austria.
Doc Ophthalmol. 1994;87(3):283-90. doi: 10.1007/BF01203857.
Infantile hemangiomas affect about 5% (3%-8%) of the population, showing a predilection for the face. After a phase of rapid enlargement between the 3rd and the 9th month of life, 70% regress by the age of six after a period of stability. 43%-60% of the children with eye lid hemangiomas develop strabismic, anisometropic, or deprivation amblyopia. Previous studies found the majority of cases resulting from anisometropia (especially asymmetric astigmatism) rather than strabism or occlusion of the visual axis. Several methods of treatment--surgical excision, irradiation, sclerosing agents, systemic steroids, ligation, cryotherapy--have been used but all with a risk of local or systemic complications. Local injections of steroids are a simple method of therapy with a high rate of resolution of hemangiomas, but still with a high degree of bad visual output because of persistent astigmatism. In four children with asymmetric astigmatism (axis of astigmatism towards the hemangioma) in which the injection was given at the beginning of the phase of enlargement, amblyopia could be avoided by preventing corneal steepening from becoming permanent.
婴儿血管瘤影响约5%（3%-8%）的人群，面部尤为常见。在出生后第3个月至第9个月快速增大阶段后，70%的血管瘤在经历一段稳定期后在6岁时消退。43%-60%患有眼睑血管瘤的儿童会出现斜视性、屈光参差性或剥夺性弱视。以往研究发现，大多数病例是由屈光参差（尤其是不对称散光）引起的，而非斜视或视轴遮挡。已经使用了多种治疗方法——手术切除、放射治疗、硬化剂、全身用类固醇、结扎、冷冻疗法——但所有这些方法都有局部或全身并发症的风险。局部注射类固醇是一种简单的治疗方法，血管瘤消退率高，但由于持续性散光，视力不良程度仍较高。在4例不对称散光（散光轴朝向血管瘤）且在增大阶段开始时进行注射的儿童中，通过防止角膜陡峭化永久化可避免弱视。
