Arkhipov N P, Kuchma N D, Askbrant S, Pasternak P S, Musica V V
Department of Radiology and Land Restoration, Pripyat Research and Industrial Association, Chernobyl, Ukraine.
Sci Total Environ. 1994 Dec 11;157(1-3):383-6.
The effect of ionizing irradiation on the viability of pine stands after the fallout from the damaged nuclear energy plant at Chernobyl (ChNPP) was shown within the territory of the 10-km zone. During the period 1986-1991, irradiated and damaged forest stands, so-called 'red forest', located in this area were systematically classified by observation. Mortality rate, re-establishment, development of tree canopies, reproduction anomalies and stand viability were shown to be dependent on absorbed irradiation dose, on the age of the stand and on forest composition. For pine stands in the acutely affected zone, doses of more than 60 Gy resulted in a massive mortality and no regeneration of pine trees since 1987. The injured trees had burned or had dried-up. The drying process was accelerated by a massive production of pathogenic insects invading the dying trees. Specifically, irradiation doses of 10-60 Gy, 1-10 Gy and 0.1-1 Gy caused high, medium and low injury to the forest stands, respectively. Doses of less than 0.1 Gy did not cause any visible damage to the trees. In 1987, repair processes were displayed by the tree canopies and practically the entire viability of the forest stands had recovered except for trees in the acute and highly affected zones. The young forest was reestablished in the same place as the perished trees and new pine saplings were planted on the reclaimed areas.
在切尔诺贝利核电站（ChNPP）受损后放射性沉降物影响的区域内，展现了电离辐射对松树林活力的影响。在1986年至1991年期间，通过观测对位于该区域内受辐射且受损的林分（即所谓的“红色森林”）进行了系统分类。结果表明，死亡率、重新生长情况、树冠发育、繁殖异常以及林分活力取决于吸收的辐射剂量、林分年龄和森林组成。对于受严重影响区域的松树林，自1987年起，超过60 Gy的剂量导致松树大量死亡且无法再生。受损树木已烧焦或干枯。大量致病昆虫侵袭垂死树木，加速了树木的干枯过程。具体而言，10 - 60 Gy、1 - 10 Gy和0.1 - 1 Gy的辐射剂量分别对林分造成了高、中、低程度的损害。小于0.1 Gy的剂量未对树木造成任何可见损害。1987年，树冠展现出修复过程，除了严重和高度受影响区域的树木外，林分的整体活力实际上已恢复。在死去树木所在的同一地点重新建立了幼林，并在开垦区域种植了新的松树幼苗。
