Farrell M
National Addiction Centre, London, UK.
Addiction. 1994 Nov;89(11):1471-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03745.x.
Opiate withdrawal is one of the longest studied and most well described withdrawal syndromes. Opiate withdrawal has been described as akin to a moderate to severe flu-like illness. Opiate withdrawal is appropriately described as subjectively severe but objectively mild. This paper describes the mechanisms of opiate dependence and opiate withdrawal and reviews the available instruments for the measurement of withdrawal. The time course of assisted and unassisted withdrawal is described and the range of options for the management of assisted withdrawal are described. This review concludes that the most effective and least time- and resource-consuming approach to opiate withdrawal will substantially contribute to the overall social management of opiate dependence.
阿片类药物戒断是研究时间最长、描述最为详尽的戒断综合征之一。阿片类药物戒断被描述为类似于中度至重度的流感样疾病。阿片类药物戒断在主观上较为严重，但客观上症状较轻。本文描述了阿片类药物依赖和戒断的机制，并综述了现有的用于测量戒断症状的工具。文中描述了辅助戒断和非辅助戒断的时间进程，并阐述了辅助戒断管理的各种选择。本综述得出结论，最有效且最节省时间和资源的阿片类药物戒断方法将极大地有助于阿片类药物依赖的整体社会管理。
