Johns A
Division of Addictive Behaviour, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
Addiction. 1994 Nov;89(11):1551-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03757.x.
One of the greatest of challenges facing medicine is to devise effective and appropriate treatments for opiate problems. Such treatments are based on principles derived from the disciplines of pharmacology and psychology, but are also shaped by social issues and even by the views of practitioners. There are many misconceptions about opiate problems. In this review it is suggested that there are good reasons for stating that opiate users do change over time, treatment can also lead to change and psychological interventions are of great importance. However, current methods of opiate detoxification are of low efficacy and methadone maintenance, although of benefit for some, is not a panacea for opiate problems.
医学面临的最大挑战之一是为阿片类药物问题设计有效且合适的治疗方法。此类治疗基于药理学和心理学学科的原理，但也受到社会问题甚至从业者观点的影响。对于阿片类药物问题存在许多误解。在本综述中，有人认为有充分理由表明阿片类药物使用者确实会随时间发生变化，治疗也可导致改变，且心理干预非常重要。然而，目前的阿片类药物解毒方法疗效较低，美沙酮维持治疗虽然对一些人有益，但并非解决阿片类药物问题的万灵药。
