Parving A, Hauch A M
Department of Audiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Br J Audiol. 1994 Apr;28(2):63-9. doi: 10.3109/03005369409077916.
The study was aimed towards an evaluation of the causes of hearing loss in children attending the School for the 'Deaf' in Copenhagen in 1993-4 in comparison to causes evaluated 10 and 40 years previously (Arnvig, 1953; Holten and Parving, 1985). The 124 children attending the school in 1993 represent 0.04% of the age-matched target population of 312,715. A more detailed evaluation of two comparable cohorts born in 1969-77 and 1979-87 demonstrates a significant increase of children attending this type of school from 0.03% to 0.05% within a 10-year period, while a comparison between 1953 and 1993 demonstrates a reduction from 0.07% to 0.04%. The longitudinal evaluation of the causes of hearing loss showed a significant increase in the frequency of congenital inherited hearing impairment from 29% (1953) through 33% (1983) to 43% (1993), whereas a significant reduction of about 17% in the frequency of acquired deafness due to chronic otitis media was found. Between 1953 and 1993 a minor reduction (2%) in post-meningitic acquired hearing impairment was found, between 1953 and 1983 there was a significant increase in prenatal infections, compared with a decrease of 6% between 1983 and 1993. It is concluded that significant changes are found both in the prevalence of children referred to the school and in the factors causing severe to profound hearing impairment in children. Continuous recording of, and improvement in, diagnostic classification is necessary to obtain preventive measures.
该研究旨在评估1993 - 1994年在哥本哈根“聋人”学校就读的儿童听力损失的原因，并与10年和40年前评估的原因进行比较（Arnvig，1953年；Holten和Parving，1985年）。1993年在该校就读的124名儿童占年龄匹配目标人群312,715人的0.04%。对1969 - 1977年和1979 - 1987年出生的两个可比队列进行更详细的评估表明，在10年期间，就读此类学校的儿童比例从0.03%显著增加到0.05%，而1953年至1993年的比较显示该比例从0.07%降至0.04%。对听力损失原因的纵向评估表明，先天性遗传性听力障碍的频率从29%（1953年）显著增加到33%（1983年），再到43%（1993年），而因慢性中耳炎导致的后天性耳聋频率显著降低约17%。1953年至1993年期间，脑膜炎后获得性听力障碍略有下降（2%），1953年至1983年期间，产前感染显著增加，而1983年至1993年期间下降了6%。结论是，在被送往该校的儿童患病率以及导致儿童严重至极重度听力障碍的因素方面都发现了显著变化。持续记录和改进诊断分类对于采取预防措施是必要的。
