Michailova P, Petrova N
Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia.
Cytobios. 1994;79(316):15-29.
A cytogenetic analysis was carried out on a population of Chironomus balatonicus (Chironomidae, Diptera) from Chernobyl, a highly radioactive area of the Kiev region. Several chromosomal aberrations were established unique to a population of Chironomus balatonicus living in an area contaminated by radioactive waste. Five new heterozygous inversions, deficiencies in arms C, D, E, F and chromatid breaks were found in the irradiated population but not in nonirradiated populations. A pericentric inversion in chromosome AB occurred at a relatively high frequency. Genome aberrations expressed by a heterochromatized 'B' chromosome were evident. In the irradiated and nonirradiated populations common inversions occurred showing variation in their frequency depending on specific environmental conditions. The somatic and also the germ cells were characterized by a number of heteropycnotic nuclei and vacuolized chromosomes. Both the somatic and germ cells showed changes in the structural and functional organization of heterochromatin and this was particularly marked in the telomeric sectors of the chromosomes. The heterochromatin which is extremely sensitive to radioactivity appears to protect euchromatin from adverse environmental conditions.
对采自基辅地区高放射性区域切尔诺贝利的巴拉顿摇蚊（双翅目：摇蚊科）群体进行了细胞遗传学分析。已确定生活在受放射性废物污染地区的巴拉顿摇蚊群体存在几种独特的染色体畸变。在受辐照群体中发现了5种新的杂合倒位、C、D、E、F臂缺失和染色单体断裂，而在未受辐照群体中未发现。AB染色体上的一个臂间倒位出现频率相对较高。由异染色质化的“B”染色体所表现出的基因组畸变很明显。在受辐照和未受辐照群体中均出现了常见倒位，其频率因特定环境条件而异。体细胞和生殖细胞均具有一些异固缩核和空泡化染色体的特征。体细胞和生殖细胞的异染色质在结构和功能组织上均发生了变化，这在染色体的端粒区域尤为明显。对放射性极为敏感的异染色质似乎能保护常染色质免受不利环境条件的影响。
