Forster K I
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1994 Dec;20(6):1292-310. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.20.6.1292.
An attempt is made to isolate the assumptions that make a connectionist approach to visual word recognition distinctive. These include the commitment to distributed representations, the claim that there is no distinction between lexical and nonlexical systems in the naming task, and the claim that it is possible to map from orthography to meaning without using localized representations. It is argued that merely demonstrating that a network model can perform these tasks is not sufficient and that a detailed theory of how the network performs its tasks must accompany the simulation, because a simulation is not equivalent to an explanation. It is argued that further progress requires detailed modeling and experimental study of the elementary processes assumed to be involved in networks and that it is premature to dismiss alternative models of lexical access such as serial search models.
本文试图分离出那些使联结主义方法在视觉单词识别中与众不同的假设。这些假设包括对分布式表征的坚持、认为在命名任务中词汇系统和非词汇系统没有区别的观点，以及认为不使用局部表征就有可能从正字法映射到意义的观点。有人认为，仅仅证明一个网络模型能够执行这些任务是不够的，在进行模拟的同时，必须有一个关于网络如何执行其任务的详细理论，因为模拟并不等同于解释。有人认为，进一步的进展需要对网络中假定涉及的基本过程进行详细建模和实验研究，并且现在摒弃诸如串行搜索模型等词汇通达的替代模型还为时过早。
