Kosson D S, Steuerwald B L, Newman J P, Widom C S
University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
J Pers Assess. 1994 Dec;63(3):473-88. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6303_6.
Gough's (1960) Socialization (So) scale has been widely used as a measure of the extent to which societal values are internalized. It is well documented that antisocial individuals evidence low So scores but less clear that low So scores predict antisocial behavior in nonclinical samples. Two studies conducted at different universities in different geographical regions and different decades provided evidence consistent with this hypothesis. Results from Study 1 revealed that self-reports of several types of antisocial behavior and substance use were significantly more common among Low-So than High-So undergraduate men and women. Study 2 replicated principal findings for both men and women using correlational analyses. In addition, Study 2 yielded a significant relation between low So scores and greater family conflict as well as several gender differences reflecting stronger correlations in men than in women. These findings indicate substantial generality for the relations between socialization and antisocial behavior, especially in men, and are consistent with the use of the So scale to identify subjects who share important characteristics with criminal or psychopathic groups.
高夫（1960年）的社会化（So）量表已被广泛用作衡量社会价值观内化程度的指标。有充分的文献记载，反社会个体的So得分较低，但尚不清楚低So得分能否预测非临床样本中的反社会行为。在不同地理区域、不同年代的不同大学进行的两项研究提供了与这一假设相符的证据。研究1的结果显示，在So得分低的本科男女中，几种反社会行为和物质使用的自我报告明显比So得分高的本科男女更为常见。研究2使用相关分析对男性和女性的主要研究结果进行了重复验证。此外，研究2得出低So得分与更大的家庭冲突之间存在显著关系，以及一些性别差异，反映出男性的相关性比女性更强。这些发现表明社会化与反社会行为之间的关系具有相当的普遍性，尤其是在男性中，并且与使用So量表来识别与犯罪或精神病群体有重要共同特征的个体是一致的。
