Draganova N, Kamenova Z
Probl Khig. 1994;19:41-50.
The purpose of the present work is to study the relation between the characteristics of the work activity and especially the parameters of the working posture and work place as well as the complaints of the musculoskeletal system (MSS) among professions where women are mainly engaged. The object of the study were 3 professional group: 1st group--telephone operators on video display (VD), IInd group--hairdressers and IIIrd group--television (TV) tuners. For the investigation was used inquiry-questionnaire for MSS complaints, which includes localization and type of the complaints, subjective evaluation of the working posture, organization and arranging the working place. A 3-step scale was used for each of the observed indices. The results point out, that the frequency of MSS complaints is very high in the examined professions. The complaints of the telephone operators on VD concern mainly the neck [66% of the examined], the shoulders and back [respectively 58% and 50%]; of the hairdressers--the shoulders and back [85% and 80%] and the legs [75%]; of the TV tuners--the fingers of the hand [60%], neck and shoulders [43% and 40%]. The MSS complaints are in positive correlation to the age and length of service of the workers [from 0.75 to 0.91]. The expert ergonomic evaluation shows that for the three examined professions, the working posture is the determining factor for MSS complaints. For hairdressers and TV tuners are the same degrees, followed by the telephone operators on VD. In the organization of the working place there are numerous ergonomic discrepancies: for the telephone operators the most considerable deviations of the ergonomic requirements are in the dimensions of the working places: for the hairdressers and TV tuners--in the dimensions of the working zones and the arrangement of the working place. A statistically positive correlation dependence was received between MSS complaints and the working posture for the three professional groups (r from 0.85 to 0.89) and between the complaints and the ergonomic discrepancies of the working place (r between 0.75 and 0.85).
本研究的目的是探讨工作活动特征，尤其是工作姿势和工作场所参数，与女性主要从事的职业中肌肉骨骼系统（MSS）主诉之间的关系。研究对象为3个职业群体：第一组——视频显示（VD）电话接线员，第二组——美发师，第三组——电视调谐器。调查采用了针对MSS主诉的调查问卷，其中包括主诉的部位和类型、工作姿势的主观评价、工作场所的组织和布置。对每个观察指标都使用了一个三级量表。结果表明，在所检查的职业中，MSS主诉的发生率非常高。VD电话接线员的主诉主要涉及颈部（66%的受检者）、肩部和背部（分别为58%和50%）；美发师的主诉涉及肩部和背部（85%和80%）以及腿部（75%）；电视调谐器的主诉涉及手部手指（60%）、颈部和肩部（43%和40%）。MSS主诉与工人的年龄和服务年限呈正相关（相关系数为0.75至0.91）。专家进行的人体工程学评估表明，对于所检查的三个职业，工作姿势是MSS主诉的决定因素。美发师和电视调谐器的情况程度相同，其次是VD电话接线员。在工作场所的组织方面存在许多人体工程学差异：对于电话接线员，人体工程学要求的最大偏差在于工作场所的尺寸；对于美发师和电视调谐器，在于工作区域的尺寸和工作场所的布置。在三个职业群体中，MSS主诉与工作姿势之间存在统计学上的正相关关系（相关系数r为0.85至0.89），主诉与工作场所人体工程学差异之间也存在正相关关系（相关系数r在0.75至0.85之间）。
