Savitskaia K I, Tsar'kova L N, Shanina A G, Nasonov V N, Solodilova O E, Rusanova E V
Antibiot Khimioter. 1994 Jun;39(6):27-35.
The taxonomy of the causative agents of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) isolated from patients in the Moscow Region was studied and the clinico-microbiological efficacy and tolerance of ofloxacin used in their treatment were estimated. The microbiological tests of the sputum specimens from 168 patients with LRTIs most frequently detected gram positive cocci with the predominance of Streptococcus spp. (65.2 per cent) and in particular the Str. viridans group (57.7 per cent). Neisseria spp. and B. catarrhalis (18.1 per cent) were more frequent among the gram negative isolates. Gram negative bacilli were isolated in 14.3 per cent of the cases with the predominance of Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacter spp. In 80.8 per cent of the cases the microorganisms were isolated in the form of 2-3-component associations. By the in vitro antimicrobial activity against 167 clinical isolates ofloxacin was superior to penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and cotrimoxasol. Good and satisfactory clinical effects in the treatment of 29 patients with LRTIs were observed in 17 cases (70.8 per cent). Adverse reactions were stated in 3 patients (11.5 per cent). Superinfection due to ofloxacin resistant enterococci, S. pyogenes, Neisseria spp. and yeast-like fungi developed in some patients treated with ofloxacin.
对从莫斯科地区患者中分离出的下呼吸道感染（LRTI）病原体进行了分类研究，并评估了用于治疗的氧氟沙星的临床微生物学疗效和耐受性。对168例LRTI患者的痰液标本进行微生物检测，最常检测到革兰氏阳性球菌，其中以链球菌属为主（65.2%），尤其是草绿色链球菌群（57.7%）。在革兰氏阴性分离株中，奈瑟菌属和卡他莫拉菌（18.1%）更为常见。革兰氏阴性杆菌在14.3%的病例中分离得到，以假单胞菌属和肠杆菌属为主。在80.8%的病例中，微生物以2 - 3种菌的组合形式分离得到。就对167株临床分离株的体外抗菌活性而言，氧氟沙星优于青霉素、头孢菌素、氨基糖苷类、四环素和复方新诺明。在治疗29例LRTI患者中，17例（70.8%）观察到良好和满意的临床效果。3例患者（11.5%）出现不良反应。在一些接受氧氟沙星治疗的患者中，出现了由耐氧氟沙星的肠球菌、化脓性链球菌、奈瑟菌属和酵母样真菌引起的二重感染。
