McLean K P, Skinner J S
Exercise and Sport Research Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Feb;76(2):139-50. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(95)80023-9.
The use of the supine training position to enhance aerobic training was evaluated in a 10-week upper-body exercise study. Fourteen subjects with quadriplegia (QD) were matched on initial peak power output (PO) values and then randomly assigned to either a supine (SUP, n = 7) or sitting (SIT, n = 7) training group. Peak VO2 and PO were measured pretraining and posttraining in both the supine and sitting positions. There were significant (p < .01) increases in peak VO2 (720 to 780 mL.min-1) and PO (29.3 to 33.3W) with training. Although the SIT group exhibited a small training effect size (0.1), while the SUP group exhibited a moderate effect size (0.6), the interaction between time and training group failed to reach significance (p = .07) because of a large injury level-related variation in VO2. The training effect achieved by the SUP group generalized to the sitting position, as their peak VO2 increased 80mL.min-1 in the sitting position. Endurance improved (p < .0001) in all subjects, with time to exhaustion increasing from 52min to 135min over the 10 weeks of training. The sum of 4 skinfolds decreased (p < .05) from 67.5 to 61.0mm. The lack of change in stroke volume at rest and at 50% of peak PO suggests that an inotropic adaptation of the heart, commonly observed in subjects without SCI, did not occur in this population. However, a 4.7bpm increase (p < .01) in resting heart rate (HR) and a near significant increase (p = .07) in peak HR from pretraining to posttraining suggests a training-induced chronotropic adaptation of the heart. Although improvements in aerobic capacity can be achieved by training in either supine or sitting positions, the training effect size was larger in the supine position. Improvements in SV were not observed in either training position; this may be because of low absolute workloads were used. Central cardiovascular adaptation may occur in subjects with QD but changes are reflected as chronotropic and not inotropic adaptations.
在一项为期10周的上肢运动研究中，对采用仰卧训练姿势以增强有氧训练的效果进行了评估。14名四肢瘫痪（QD）患者根据初始峰值功率输出（PO）值进行匹配，然后随机分为仰卧训练组（SUP，n = 7）或坐姿训练组（SIT，n = 7）。在仰卧位和坐位分别于训练前和训练后测量峰值摄氧量（VO₂）和PO。训练后，峰值VO₂（从720增至780 mL·min⁻¹）和PO（从29.3增至33.3W）有显著增加（p < .01）。尽管SIT组的训练效应量较小（0.1），而SUP组的效应量适中（0.6），但由于VO₂存在与损伤程度相关的较大差异，时间与训练组之间的交互作用未达到显著水平（p = .07）。SUP组所取得的训练效果可推广至坐位，因为他们在坐位时的峰值VO₂增加了80 mL·min⁻¹。所有受试者的耐力均有改善（p < .0001），在为期10周的训练中，疲劳时间从52分钟增加至135分钟。4处皮褶厚度之和从67.5降至61.0mm（p < .05）。静息和峰值PO的50%时的每搏输出量无变化，这表明在无脊髓损伤的受试者中常见的心脏变力性适应在该人群中未发生。然而，静息心率（HR）从训练前到训练后增加了4.7次/分钟（p < .01），峰值HR近乎显著增加（p = .07），提示存在训练诱导的心脏变时性适应。尽管仰卧位或坐位训练均可提高有氧能力，但仰卧位的训练效应量更大。在任何一个训练姿势下均未观察到每搏输出量的改善；这可能是因为使用的绝对工作量较低。QD患者可能会发生中枢心血管适应，但变化表现为变时性而非变力性适应。
