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椎间盘力学分析模型

An analytical model of intervertebral disc mechanics.

作者信息

McNally D S, Arridge R G

机构信息

Department of Anatomy, University of Bristol, U.K.

出版信息

J Biomech. 1995 Jan;28(1):53-68. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(95)80007-7.

Abstract

The intervertebral disc is a complex mechanical structure, and it is important to understand the loading of specific structures which might cause damage leading to failure or mechanical impairment. At present it is only possible to model such internal loadings owing to the extreme technical difficulties involved in experimental measurement. The simple analytical model described in this paper makes exact predictions of the loads carried by fibres and also their path within the annulus fibrosus, without pre-defining the fibre configuration. The disc is modelled as an axially symmetric structure comprising a fluid filled centre, retained by a thin, doubly curved, fibre-reinforced membrane under tensile stress. The annulus is taken to consist of two lamellae reinforced by oppositely oriented collagen fibres that are free to follow paths defined by one of two geometrical rules. The predictive power and possible uses of the model are illustrated using boundary conditions experimentally determined from a typical young disc. The model was used to calculate the shape of the membrane surface, fibre path, volume of disc, area of annulus, length of fibre bundle and tension at a point along length of fibre. Equatorial fibre angle could be approximately predicted (to about 5 degrees), since there was only a small range of valid solutions to the model. The predicted surface profiles, fibre loads and angles were found to be in reasonable agreement with published experimental studies. Two examples of how the static model might be used to calculate changes in disc morphology and loading are included to demonstrate how a wide range of experimental data and theoretical behavior might be incorporated. This analytical model is important since it enables exact solutions to be calculated for the forces acting at any point along a fibre, their paths and also the surface geometry, from a small number of physical measurements without the need to estimate the mechanical properties of individual areas of the disc. It facilitates the prediction of the behaviour of the disc under varying load by providing a framework that can be further developed using a wide range and combination of experimental conditions and theoretical relationships.

摘要

椎间盘是一个复杂的力学结构,了解可能导致损伤进而引发失效或力学功能障碍的特定结构的负荷情况非常重要。目前,由于实验测量存在极大的技术困难,只能对这种内部负荷进行建模。本文所描述的简单分析模型能够精确预测纤维所承受的负荷以及它们在纤维环内的路径,而无需预先定义纤维构型。椎间盘被建模为一个轴对称结构,其中心为充满液体的区域,由一个承受拉伸应力的薄双曲面纤维增强膜所包围。纤维环被认为由两层薄片组成,由方向相反的胶原纤维增强,这些纤维可以自由遵循由两种几何规则之一所定义的路径。使用从典型年轻椎间盘实验确定的边界条件来说明该模型的预测能力和可能的用途。该模型用于计算膜表面的形状、纤维路径、椎间盘体积、纤维环面积、纤维束长度以及纤维长度上某一点的张力。赤道纤维角度可以大致预测(误差约为5度),因为该模型只有一小范围的有效解。预测的表面轮廓、纤维负荷和角度与已发表的实验研究结果合理相符。文中包含了两个关于如何使用静态模型计算椎间盘形态和负荷变化的例子,以展示如何纳入广泛的实验数据和理论行为。这个分析模型很重要,因为它能够根据少量物理测量精确计算作用在纤维上任意点的力、它们的路径以及表面几何形状,而无需估计椎间盘各个区域的力学性能。通过提供一个可以利用广泛的实验条件和理论关系进一步发展的框架,它有助于预测椎间盘在不同负荷下的行为。

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