MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Mar 3;44(8):141-2.
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common and serious malformations that originate early in pregnancy. In the United States, approximately 4000 pregnancies each year are affected by the two most common NTDs (spina bifida and anencephaly), and an estimated 2500 infants are born with NTDs. Based on a Public Health Service (PHS) recommendation published in September 1992, at least one half of NTDs could be prevented if all women capable of becoming pregnant consumed 0.4 mg of folic acid daily during the periconceptional period (1). Women who have previously had an NTD-affected pregnancy would especially benefit from folic acid supplements (2). In 1992, with support from a CDC cooperative agreement, the South Carolina Department of Disabilities and Special Needs implemented a prevention program to reduce the incidence of folic acid-preventable NTDs in the pregnancies of women with prior NTD-affected pregnancies. This report describes surveillance findings resulting from this program during 1992-1994.
神经管缺陷（NTDs）是常见且严重的畸形，在孕期早期就会出现。在美国，每年约有4000例妊娠受两种最常见的神经管缺陷（脊柱裂和无脑儿）影响，估计有2500名婴儿出生时患有神经管缺陷。根据1992年9月发布的公共卫生服务（PHS）建议，如果所有有怀孕能力的妇女在受孕前后期间每天摄入0.4毫克叶酸，至少一半的神经管缺陷可以预防（1）。之前有过受神经管缺陷影响妊娠的妇女尤其能从叶酸补充剂中受益（2）。1992年，在疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）合作协议的支持下，南卡罗来纳州残疾与特殊需求部实施了一项预防计划，以降低先前有过受神经管缺陷影响妊娠的妇女怀孕时叶酸可预防的神经管缺陷的发生率。本报告描述了该计划在1992 - 1994年期间的监测结果。
