Akpoboua K L, Hougard J M, Agoua H, Sékétéli A, Quillévéré D
OMS/OCP, BP 2279 Bamako, Mali.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1994;87(4):278-82.
The control of blackfly is based on larvicide spraying in rivers where the insects breed and their larval stages are vulnerable. The first technique for large-scale operations, consists of using aircraft in the same way as for mosquito control and crop protection operations. The second technique, which will be discussed in this paper, consists of ground treatment of rivers, either directly with a container or with a spraying pump or by boat spraying insecticide in cross strip. In areas of West Africa where onchocerciasis is still prevalent, ground treatment is done to support aerial operations and to a lesser extent to control nuisance in areas where the endemicity of the disease is low. In onchocerciasis-freed zones, control of blackfly aims only at suppressing the nuisance in order to enhance the socio-economic development in areas at unfair disadvantage. This distinction is important for determining the responsibilities of various groups. Vector control to interrupt the transmission of onchocerciasis is the mandate of OCP while the control of nuisance is the responsibility, depending on the circumstances, of the private sector, the government and/or village communities. In this paper, we have attempted to highlight the objectives of such treatments, the responsibilities of various groups and the prospects in West African countries located in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme area. We also present the situation of ground larviciding in countries outside the Programme, in temperate as well as tropical conditions, in order to provide some basis for the development of ground treatment strategies in the OCP area.
蚋的防治基于在蚋类繁殖且幼虫阶段易受影响的河流中喷洒杀幼虫剂。大规模作业的第一种技术是像控制蚊虫和进行作物保护作业那样使用飞机。本文将讨论的第二种技术是对河流进行地面处理，可直接使用容器、喷洒泵，或者乘船以交叉带状方式喷洒杀虫剂。在盘尾丝虫病仍然流行的西非地区，进行地面处理是为了支持空中作业，在疾病流行程度较低的地区则在较小程度上用于控制滋扰。在已消灭盘尾丝虫病的区域，蚋的防治仅旨在抑制滋扰，以促进处于不公平劣势地区的社会经济发展。这种区分对于确定各群体的责任很重要。控制病媒以阻断盘尾丝虫病传播是盘尾丝虫病控制规划的任务，而控制滋扰的责任则视情况而定，由私营部门、政府和/或村庄社区承担。在本文中，我们试图强调此类处理的目标、各群体的责任以及位于盘尾丝虫病控制规划区域内的西非国家的前景。我们还介绍了该规划区域以外国家在温带和热带条件下进行地面杀幼虫处理的情况，以便为盘尾丝虫病控制规划区域内地面处理策略的制定提供一些依据。
