Miller G H, Golish J A, Cox C E, Chacko D C
Studies on Smoking, Inc., Edinboro, PA 16412.
Cancer Detect Prev. 1994;18(6):421-30.
Prior to the 1920s, lung cancer was a rare disease. However, the current increase in lung cancer appears to parallel the increase in smoking for both men and women with a 30- to 50-year delay. National lung cancer deaths continue to rise, with over 168,000 total deaths estimated in 1992. Women are now showing higher percentage increases in lung cancer than men from active smoking. The data from the Erie County Study on Smoking and Health (ECSSH), a population study, were used to measure the effects of both active and passive smoking on women's lung cancer mortality. The three major categories of exposure (no known or minimal exposure, passive smoking exposed, and active smoking) were used in the analyses. The results from the population data in Erie County, PA, were based on 528 nonexposed nonsmoking women, 3138 exposed nonsmoking women, and 1747 smoking women. Deaths due to lung cancer as a percentage of total deaths excluding traumatic deaths were 0.2% for the nonexposed nonsmoking women, 0.9% for the exposed nonsmoking women, and 8.0% for women who smoked. The data showed that women smokers died of lung cancer at a rate 9 times greater than exposed nonsmokers and 42 times greater than nonexposed nonsmokers.
20世纪20年代以前，肺癌是一种罕见疾病。然而，目前肺癌的增加似乎与男性和女性吸烟的增加同步，只是有30到50年的延迟。全国肺癌死亡人数持续上升，1992年估计总死亡人数超过16.8万。目前，主动吸烟导致女性肺癌的增长率高于男性。伊利县吸烟与健康研究（ECSSH）这一人群研究的数据被用于衡量主动吸烟和被动吸烟对女性肺癌死亡率的影响。分析中使用了三类主要暴露情况（无已知暴露或极少暴露、被动吸烟暴露和主动吸烟）。宾夕法尼亚州伊利县人群数据的结果基于528名未暴露的非吸烟女性、3138名暴露的非吸烟女性和1747名吸烟女性。在排除创伤性死亡后的总死亡人数中，未暴露的非吸烟女性因肺癌死亡的比例为0.2%，暴露的非吸烟女性为0.9%，吸烟女性为8.0%。数据显示，吸烟女性死于肺癌的比率比暴露的非吸烟者高9倍，比未暴露的非吸烟者高42倍。
