Identification of bone-type alkaline phosphatase mRNA from human periodontal ligament cells.

Tissue-nonspecific-type alkaline phosphatase is found in the bone, liver, kidney, and other tissues, and its gene consists of 12 exons with the coding sequence beginning in the second exon. Recently, an alternative noncoding first exon was identified in the liver message which differed from that of the previously known osteoblast-derived cDNA sequence. Although these two mRNAs produce an identical protein, they have different promoter regions. The periodontal ligament tissue expresses a high level of alkaline phosphatase activity. To identify its mRNA type, we isolated a full-length cDNA for alkaline phosphatase from a cultured human periodontal ligament cell expression library, using bone-derived tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase cDNA as a hybridization probe. The size of this clone was 2.5 kb, and its 5' and 3' untranslated sequences were identical to those of the human tissue-nonspecific type isolated from osteoblastic cells but not to those of the liver type. In addition, the same fragments as in bone-derived tissue-nonspecific-type cDNA were detected by the treatment of the cDNA clone with restriction enzymes Hinc II and Pst I. The results suggest that expression of the same alkaline phosphatase isozyme in human periodontal ligament cells may be regulated by the same transcriptional mechanism as in bone.