André F E
SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium.
J Infect Dis. 1995 Mar;171 Suppl 1:S33-9. doi: 10.1093/infdis/171.supplement_1.s33.
The basis for the development of a vaccine against hepatitis A was laid in the 1970s, when virus was replicated in cell culture. Adaptation to growth in cell culture resulted in attenuation and sufficient quantities of virus particles, allowing the development of both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Testing of candidate vaccines in volunteers began in the early 1980s. Recently, a formaldehyde-inactivated whole-virion hepatitis A vaccine, the first licensed vaccine against hepatitis A, was introduced in many countries worldwide, and a live attenuated vaccine became available in the People's Republic of China. Other possible avenues for vaccine development include the use of either conventional or recombinant DNA techniques to obtain subunit vaccines, empty capsids, live viral or bacterial vectors, genetic immunization, synthetic peptides, and anti-idiotypes.
20世纪70年代奠定了甲型肝炎疫苗研发的基础，当时病毒在细胞培养中得以复制。适应细胞培养生长导致病毒减毒并产生了足够数量的病毒颗粒，使得减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗得以研发。20世纪80年代初开始在志愿者身上测试候选疫苗。最近，一种甲醛灭活全病毒甲型肝炎疫苗（全球首个获得许可的甲型肝炎疫苗）在世界许多国家上市，一种减毒活疫苗在中华人民共和国上市。疫苗研发的其他可能途径包括使用传统或重组DNA技术来获得亚单位疫苗、空衣壳、活病毒或细菌载体、基因免疫、合成肽和抗独特型抗体。
