[Thermo- and hydrotherapy].

Muscle spasm can be reduced by heat as well as by therapeutic cold. However, in upper motor neuron lesions, cold is more effective in reducing the spasticity. This effect lasts long enough to be of therapeutic value. Water immersion supports the reduction of muscle tone. Pain may be reduced by both thermal stimuli. The pain threshold seems to be elevated by the direct effect of both heat and cold on the free nerve endings and the pain-killing fibers. The tendency to bleed is increased with heat application and decreased with cold therapy. Edema resulting from trauma is increased with heat, and decreased in its development by cold application. Joint stiffness is decreased with heat application and increased with cold application. Water immersion removes weight from the joints and facilitates mobility.