Dougherty C T, Knapp F W
Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546-0091.
Vet Parasitol. 1994 Oct;55(1-2):115-27. doi: 10.1016/0304-4017(94)90061-2.
Dung was collected from Angus cattle (Bos taurus L.) fed (ad libitum) hays of endophyte-free (EF) and endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones and Gams) infected (EI) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and alfalfa-smooth bromegrass (1:1 w/w) and green-chopped Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Samples of dung were subsequently collected from the same animals offered the same herbage diets supplemented each day with ground maize (Zea mays L.) kernels at 0.35 kg per body weight. Dung from both sources were used in bioassays to establish oviposition preferences of face flies (Musca autumnalis De Geer). When offered dung from herbage diets, face flies deposited 38.3% of their eggs on dung derived from EF tall fescue diets, 9.9% on dung from EI tall fescue diets, 21.0% on dung from alfalfa diets, 7.4% on dung from red clover diets and 22.8% on dung from alfalfa-bromegrass diets. Face flies avoided ovipositing in dung from cattle ingesting bromegrass hay and Kentucky bluegrass green-chop. Supplements increased oviposition preference of face flies for dung from cattle ingesting Kentucky bluegrass greenchop to 19.1% at the expense of oviposition on dung from cattle ingesting alfalfa hay diets (4.5%), otherwise, they had little effect on oviposition preference ranking. Growth and development of first instar larvae of face flies was also measured in bioassays of dung from cattle on herbage and supplemented herbage diets. The presence of endophyte reduced pupation in dung from cattle on tall fescue hay diets from 86.3 to 79.8% and from 90.1 to 73.2% in dung from cattle on supplemented tall fescue hay diets. Pupal liveweights averaged 27.5 mg on dung from cattle on EF tall fescue diets, 22.1 mg from dung of cattle on EI tall fescue diets, 22.2 mg from dung of cattle on supplemented EF tall fescue diets and 24.0 mg from dung of cattle on supplemented EI tall fescue diets. Eclosion and the sex ratio of adults were not affected by dung from cattle on different source diets.
粪便取自安格斯牛（Bos taurus L.），这些牛自由采食无内生真菌（EF）和感染内生真菌（内生真菌为Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones和Gams）的高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schreb.）、无芒雀麦（Bromus inermis Leyss.）、红三叶（Trifolium pratense L.）、苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）以及苜蓿 - 无芒雀麦（1:1重量比）干草，还有青贮的草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis L.）。随后从这些动物身上采集粪便样本，这些动物食用相同的牧草日粮，且每天每体重补充0.35千克玉米（Zea mays L.）籽粒。来自这两种来源的粪便用于生物测定，以确定秋家蝇（Musca autumnalis De Geer）的产卵偏好。当提供来自牧草日粮的粪便时，秋家蝇将38.3%的卵产在源自无内生真菌高羊茅日粮的粪便上，9.9%产在感染内生真菌高羊茅日粮的粪便上，21.0%产在苜蓿日粮的粪便上，7.4%产在红三叶日粮的粪便上，22.8%产在苜蓿 - 无芒雀麦日粮的粪便上。秋家蝇避免在采食无芒雀麦干草和青贮草地早熟禾的牛的粪便中产卵。补充物增加了秋家蝇对采食青贮草地早熟禾的牛的粪便的产卵偏好，使其达到19.1%，但减少了在采食苜蓿干草日粮的牛的粪便上的产卵（降至4.5%），否则，它们对产卵偏好排名影响不大。在以牧草和补充牧草日粮的牛的粪便进行的生物测定中，还测量了秋家蝇一龄幼虫的生长和发育情况。内生真菌的存在使采食高羊茅干草日粮的牛的粪便中的化蛹率从86.3%降至79.8%，在采食补充高羊茅干草日粮的牛的粪便中，化蛹率从90.1%降至73.2%。采食无内生真菌高羊茅日粮的牛的粪便上的蛹平均体重为27.5毫克，采食感染内生真菌高羊茅日粮的牛的粪便上的蛹平均体重为22.1毫克，采食补充无内生真菌高羊茅日粮的牛的粪便上的蛹平均体重为22.2毫克，采食补充感染内生真菌高羊茅日粮的牛的粪便上的蛹平均体重为24.0毫克。不同来源日粮的牛的粪便对成虫的羽化和性别比例没有影响。
