Kimbrough R D
Environ Health Perspect. 1976 Apr;14:51-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.761451.
The toxicity of selected tin compounds is reviewed. Over the years, a variety of uses has been found for organic and inorganic tin compounds, as fungicides, as stablizers in plastics, moluscicides, and miticides; they have also been suggested as insect chemosterilants and for other industrial uses. Many of these products are unpalatable when mixed into diets and have been suggested as rodent repellents. Inhaling tin as dust or fumes may cause a benign pneumoconiosis in exposed workers. The organotin compounds can be divided into alkyltin and aryltin compounds. The trimethyl and triethyltin compounds are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and are the most toxic in this group. Triethyltin particularly produces status spongiosus of the white matter of the central nervous system. Most of the other alkyl and aryl tin compounds are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and are less toxic when given orally than when given parentally. Only one compound, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide, is now registered by the Environmental Protection Agency as a miticide. This product produces skin irritation in rabbits. Studies should be conducted to determine whether it causes contact dermatitis in humans.
本文综述了某些锡化合物的毒性。多年来，人们发现有机和无机锡化合物有多种用途，如用作杀菌剂、塑料稳定剂、杀软体动物剂和杀螨剂；它们还被提议用作昆虫化学绝育剂及用于其他工业用途。这些产品中的许多在混入食物中时味道不佳，因此被提议用作驱鼠剂。吸入锡粉尘或烟雾可能会使接触的工人患上良性尘肺病。有机锡化合物可分为烷基锡和芳基锡化合物。三甲基锡和三乙基锡化合物很容易从胃肠道吸收，是这类化合物中毒性最大的。三乙基锡尤其会导致中枢神经系统白质出现海绵状状态。大多数其他烷基和芳基锡化合物从胃肠道的吸收很差，口服时的毒性比经非口服途径给药时要小。目前只有一种化合物，即三环己基氢氧化锡，被美国环境保护局登记为杀螨剂。该产品会使兔子皮肤产生刺激。应开展研究以确定其是否会导致人类接触性皮炎。
