Gross D, Conrad B, Fogg L, Willis L, Garvey C
Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Rush University, School of Nursing, Chicago, IL.
Nurs Res. 1995 Mar-Apr;44(2):96-101.
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the relationship between maternal depression and preschool children's mental health in a community sample. Cohort 1 (n = 97) consisted of mothers and children followed from 2 to 3 years of age. Cohort 2 (n = 97) consisted of mothers and children followed from 3 to 4 years of age. Mothers completed a self-report measure of depression twice during 1 year. The children's day care providers/nursery school teachers completed two instruments measuring the children's social competence and behavior problems at the end of the year. Maternal depression was significantly related to lower social competence and more behavior problems in the children. Although there were no significant mean differences in children's mental health scores by gender, boys of more depressed mothers were more likely to have poorer social competence and more behavior problems than girls. Item analyses suggest that the boys' behaviors may be particularly aversive for depressed mothers, increasing the likelihood that these mothers will respond to and reinforce their sons' difficult behaviors.
这项纵向研究的目的是在一个社区样本中检验母亲抑郁与学龄前儿童心理健康之间的关系。队列1（n = 97）由2至3岁的母亲和孩子组成。队列2（n = 97）由3至4岁的母亲和孩子组成。母亲们在1年内两次完成抑郁的自我报告测量。孩子们的日托提供者/幼儿园教师在年末完成了两份测量孩子社交能力和行为问题的工具。母亲抑郁与孩子较低的社交能力和更多的行为问题显著相关。尽管按性别划分孩子心理健康得分没有显著的平均差异，但抑郁程度较高母亲的男孩比女孩更有可能社交能力较差且行为问题更多。项目分析表明，男孩的行为可能对抑郁的母亲特别讨厌，增加了这些母亲对儿子的困难行为做出反应并强化的可能性。
