Birchall M A, Henderson J C, Studham J M, Pride N B, Fuller R W
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1994 Dec;19(6):521-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1994.tb01281.x.
Topical sodium cromoglycate is used to treat allergic diseases of the upper and lower airways. To investigate its mechanisms of action, intranasal histamine challenge was used in nine subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis. After a preliminary day where subjects' reactivity thresholds (D100) for histamine were determined, intranasal sodium cromoglycate was administered in a double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion. Graded (D100/3, D100, D100X3), sequential challenges were performed on days 1 and 21 of each course, and responses measured by changes in nasal airway resistance, sneezes, secretion volume and secretion content: total protein, lysozyme and mucin. After a single dose of sodium cromoglycate, there was no change in resistance, but secretion volumes fell significantly (3.12 ml/5 min c.i. 2.83-3.4; placebo 3.61, c.i. 3.32-3.90: P = 0.026). After a 3-week-course, there was a significant fall in resistance (4.29 cm H2O/l/s, c.i. 3.85-4.72; placebo 5.45, c.i. 5.01-5.88: P < 0.0001). No change in other parameters was observed. Thus, in perennial allergic rhinitis, intranasal sodium cromoglycate has both short- and long-term effects on nasal reactivity to histamine challenge. Acutely, there is a reduction in nasal lavage fluid volume which may be the result of reduced irritant receptor activity. After a 3-week course, there is a reduction in nasal resistance responses, a possible anti-inflammatory effect.
局部用色甘酸钠用于治疗上、下呼吸道的过敏性疾病。为研究其作用机制，对9名常年性变应性鼻炎患者进行了鼻内组胺激发试验。在确定受试者组胺反应阈值（D100）的初始日之后，以双盲、安慰剂对照的方式给予鼻内色甘酸钠。在每个疗程的第1天和第21天进行分级（D100/3、D100、D100×3）、序贯激发试验，并通过鼻气道阻力、喷嚏、分泌物量和分泌物成分（总蛋白、溶菌酶和粘蛋白）的变化来测量反应。单次给予色甘酸钠后，阻力无变化，但分泌物量显著下降（3.12 ml/5分钟，可信区间2.83 - 3.4；安慰剂为3.61，可信区间3.32 - 3.90：P = 0.026）。经过3周疗程后，阻力显著下降（4.29 cm H2O/l/s，可信区间3.85 - 4.72；安慰剂为5.45，可信区间5.01 - 5.88：P < 0.0001）。未观察到其他参数的变化。因此，在常年性变应性鼻炎中，鼻内色甘酸钠对组胺激发试验的鼻反应性具有短期和长期作用。急性情况下，鼻灌洗液量减少，这可能是刺激受体活性降低的结果。经过3周疗程后，鼻阻力反应降低，可能具有抗炎作用。
