[Bacterial toxins: old functions, a new use].

The paper provides current views on the structure and functional activity of bacterial toxins, clinical use of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and their derivatives as immunostimulators, review investigations on the introduction of the botulinic toxin A in ophthalmological and neurological practice, on production of immunotoxins on the basis of protein-natured bacterial toxins as pharmacologically active therapeutic modalities.