Sanders C L, Lauhala K E, McDonald K E
Health Research and Education Center, Washington State University/Tri-cities, Richland 99352.
Int J Radiat Biol. 1993 Oct;64(4):417-30. doi: 10.1080/09553009314551601.
Female, young adult, Wistar rats were given a single inhalation exposure to a submicron sized aerosol of high-fired 239PuO2 and observed during their lifespan for primary lung tumours. Rats were distributed among sham-control (n = 1052) and exposed (n = 2105) groups. Survival was significantly reduced only in rats with lung doses > 30 Gy. A total of 99 primary lung tumours were found, of which 92% were malignant and 80% were carcinomas. Of malignant lung tumours, 49 were squamous cell carcinoma, 23 adenocarcinoma, nine hemangiosarcoma, seven adenosquamous carcinoma, and three fibrosarcoma. One adenocarcinoma was found in controls and only four adenomas were seen in the exposed rat at lung doses < 1.5 Gy. The lowest doses at which lung tumours appeared in exposed rats were 1.5 Gy for squamous cell carcinoma, 3.1 Gy for adenocarcinoma. 4.1 Gy for hemangiosarcoma, and about 9 Gy for adenosquamous carcinoma and fibrosarcoma. Pulmonary squamous metaplasia was not seen in controls and was first seen in exposed rats only at lung doses > 1 Gy. Primary lung tumours were the presumed cause of death (fatal) in 60% of rats with malignant lung tumours; causes of death were equally distributed among all tumour types and doses. The incidence of all lung tumours was 0.095% in control rats, 0.21% in 1877 rats with lung doses < 1 Gy, and 41% in 228 rats with doses > 1 Gy. Lung tumour incidence increased in a linear manner from 6.9% at 2.3 Gy to an incidence of 64-88% at 16-44 Gy. Absolute malignant lung tumour risk averaged 270 lung tumours per 10(4) rat-Gy above a lung dose of 1 Gy. All types of malignant lung tumours induced by inhaled 239PuO2 exhibited a threshold at a lung dose > 1 Gy.
雌性年轻成年Wistar大鼠单次吸入高焙烧239PuO2的亚微米大小气溶胶，并在其寿命期间观察原发性肺肿瘤。大鼠被分为假对照（n = 1052）组和暴露（n = 2105）组。仅在肺部剂量> 30 Gy的大鼠中，存活率显著降低。总共发现99个原发性肺肿瘤，其中92%为恶性，80%为癌。在恶性肺肿瘤中，49个为鳞状细胞癌，23个为腺癌，9个为血管肉瘤，7个为腺鳞癌，3个为纤维肉瘤。在对照组中发现1个腺癌，在肺部剂量< 1.5 Gy的暴露大鼠中仅见到4个腺瘤。暴露大鼠中出现肺肿瘤的最低剂量，鳞状细胞癌为1.5 Gy，腺癌为3.1 Gy，血管肉瘤为4.1 Gy，腺鳞癌和纤维肉瘤约为9 Gy。在对照组中未见肺鳞状化生，仅在肺部剂量> 1 Gy的暴露大鼠中首次见到。原发性肺肿瘤被认为是60%患有恶性肺肿瘤大鼠的死亡（致命）原因；死亡原因在所有肿瘤类型和剂量中分布均匀。对照大鼠中所有肺肿瘤的发生率为0.095%，肺部剂量< 1 Gy的1877只大鼠中为0.21%，剂量> 1 Gy的228只大鼠中为41%。肺肿瘤发生率从2.3 Gy时的6.9%呈线性增加至16 - 44 Gy时的64 - 88%。在肺部剂量> 1 Gy以上，每10(4)大鼠 - Gy的绝对恶性肺肿瘤风险平均为270个肺肿瘤。吸入239PuO2诱发的所有类型恶性肺肿瘤在肺部剂量> 1 Gy时均表现出阈值。
