Ban T, Yoshida S
Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chiba University.
Nihon Rinsho. 1993 Oct;51(10):2618-23.
Oxytocin and vasopressin (AVP), which are octapeptides with a molecular mass of approximately 1.1 kd, are posterior pituitary hormones. AVP produced by magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus is in a form bound to the specific peptide neurophysin II, in the neurosecretory granula (NSG). Cleavage of this prohormone occurs within the NSGs during its transport via the axons to the neurohypophysis. Neurohypophyseal secretion of these peptides is believed to occur by exocytosis, which might be regulated by intracellular Ca++. The biosynthesis and secretion of AVP are mainly regulated by plasma osmolality (osmotic regulation) and blood pressure or blood volume (nonosmotic regulation). Some drugs, neurotransmitters, and other chemical agents modulate the regulation of AVP release.
催产素和血管加压素（抗利尿激素）是分子量约为1.1kd的八肽，它们是垂体后叶激素。下丘脑视上核和室旁核的大细胞神经元产生的抗利尿激素与神经分泌颗粒（NSG）中的特定肽神经垂体素II结合。这种激素原在通过轴突运输到神经垂体的过程中在神经分泌颗粒内被切割。这些肽的神经垂体分泌被认为是通过胞吐作用发生的，这可能受细胞内钙离子调节。抗利尿激素的生物合成和分泌主要受血浆渗透压（渗透调节）以及血压或血容量（非渗透调节）的调节。一些药物、神经递质和其他化学物质可调节抗利尿激素释放的调节。
