Cilento B G, Najjar S S, Atala A
Divisions of Urology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1993 Dec;40(6):1133-49. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38653-9.
The cause of cryptorchidism remains obscure. Hormonal therapy is ineffective for most patients and initial response may be temporary. Surgery remains the most effective treatment for cryptorchidism. Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency in the postnatal infant and the pubertal male. Controversy surrounds the management of prenatal torsion.
隐睾症的病因仍不清楚。激素疗法对大多数患者无效，最初的反应可能是暂时的。手术仍然是隐睾症最有效的治疗方法。睾丸扭转是产后婴儿和青春期男性的外科急症。产前扭转的处理存在争议。
