Rogers B B
Clinical Studies Unit, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1993 Nov-Dec;20(10):1483-9.
Taxol (paclitaxel, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ), a drug extracted from the stem bark of the western yew, shows great promise as an antineoplastic agent for ovarian, breast, nonsmall cell lung, and head and neck cancers; melanoma; and leukemia. Although Taxol first was isolated in 1971, completion of many phase I studies was delayed until 1988, primarily because the drug caused severe hypersensitivity reactions. Other side effects of Taxol include cardiotoxicity, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis, myelosuppression, tingling and numbness of the hands and feet, myalgia and arthralgia, alopecia, fatigue, headache, irritation at the injection site, and taste changes. Nursing care includes measures for preventing or minimizing side effects, close assessment and monitoring of potential side effects, patient education, and support. Because of the environmental impact of harvesting the western yew for Taxol, semisynthetic preparations such as taxotere are being explored.
紫杉醇（泰素，百时美施贵宝公司，新泽西州普林斯顿）是从太平洋紫杉的茎皮中提取的一种药物，作为一种抗肿瘤药物，对卵巢癌、乳腺癌、非小细胞肺癌、头颈癌、黑色素瘤和白血病显示出巨大的前景。尽管紫杉醇于1971年首次被分离出来，但许多I期研究直到1988年才完成，主要是因为该药物会引起严重的过敏反应。紫杉醇的其他副作用包括心脏毒性、恶心和呕吐、腹泻、粘膜炎、骨髓抑制、手脚刺痛和麻木、肌痛和关节痛、脱发、疲劳、头痛、注射部位刺激和味觉改变。护理措施包括预防或尽量减少副作用的措施、对潜在副作用的密切评估和监测、患者教育及支持。由于采集太平洋紫杉用于生产紫杉醇对环境有影响，人们正在探索如多西他赛等半合成制剂。
