Effects of increased beta 2-agonist dose in tumor-bearing animals.

Cachexia and malnutrition are major contributing causes of significant morbidity and mortality in the cancer patient. Although supplemental nutrition alone does not reverse the cachectic process, the use of anabolic beta 2-adrenergic agonists in conjunction with supplemental nutrition does significantly reverse cachectic processes in tumor-bearing (TB) animals. To determine the most efficacious dose of the beta 2-agonist cimaterol (CIM), male Fischer-344 rats with dorsal subcutaneous methylcholanthrene sarcomas were maintained on supplemental enteral nutrition via surgically placed gastrostomy tubes. TB rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of either saline (Sal) or one of three doses of CIM for seven days. TB-Sal animals demonstrated significant cachexia with decreased extensor digitorum longus and gastrocnemius muscle dry weight and protein content. There was a significant increase in both extensor digitorum longus and gastrocnemius muscle dry weight and protein content in all treatment groups compared with TB controls. The greatest increase was in the 0.30 mg/kg CIM treatment group. Increased cardiac mass was associated with increasing dosage, with the greatest effect being observed in the 0.60 mg/kg CIM treatment group. This dosage, however, was associated with a decreased effect on muscle weight and protein content compared with the 0.30 mg/kg CIM dose. Thus the peak anabolic effect in TB animals was reached with the 0.30 mg/kg dose of CIM. Therefore, use of the beta 2-agonist CIM may prove useful in the treatment of cancer-induced cachexia.