Bamberger A H, Tanelian D L, Klein K
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235-9031.
Tex Med. 1994 Apr;90(4):54-6.
Studies have shown that patients often experience suboptimal analgesia in the postoperative period. In the past decade, a number of advances have been made to improve patient comfort after undergoing surgery. In addition to the obvious desirability of better pain control, adequate postoperative analgesia may decrease the incidence of cardiac and pulmonary complications. Opioid analgesics continue to be the main class of drugs used for postoperative analgesia. However, new methods and routes of administration, including patient-controlled analgesia and epidural and intrathecal drug administration, are currently being used. These modalities, when used appropriately, provide better analgesia, often with fewer side effects than when opiates are given by the traditional intramuscular route.
研究表明，患者在术后常常经历镇痛效果欠佳的情况。在过去十年中，为提高患者术后舒适度已取得了多项进展。除了更好地控制疼痛这一明显的需求外，充分的术后镇痛可能会降低心肺并发症的发生率。阿片类镇痛药仍然是术后镇痛使用的主要药物类别。然而，目前正在采用新的给药方法和途径，包括患者自控镇痛以及硬膜外和鞘内给药。这些方式在合理使用时，能提供更好的镇痛效果，且与传统肌内注射阿片类药物相比，副作用通常更少。
