Cardiovascular actions of dopexamine in anaesthetized and conscious dogs.

1. Arterial blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac contractility were measured in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized mongrel dogs and in conscious, instrumented dogs. 2. In anaesthetized dogs (n = 5), dose-response curves were obtained by intravenous infusion of increasing doses of dopexamine (5-20 micrograms kg-1 min-1). Infusions were administered three times to each animal to determine whether the responses were reproducible. Dopexamine increased heart rate and myocardial contractility and decreased blood pressure. The dose-response curves for dopexamine did not differ significantly over time. 3. In a second group of dogs (n = 6), dose-response curves (5-20 mg kg-1 min-1) were obtained as above and repeated after the administration of amitriptyline (2 mg kg-1, i.v.). Amitriptyline caused a non-significant reduction in the inotropic and chronotropic responses to dopexamine. 4. Control dose-response curves for dopexamine (5-50 micrograms kg-1 min-1) were similarly obtained in a third group of dogs (n = 6), and repeated after bilateral vagotomy and sympathetic denervation of the heart. In these animals, a third dose-response curve for dopexamine was obtained after the administration of ICI 118551 (0.2 mg kg-1, followed by 0.2 mg kg-1 h-1). The chronotropic response to dopexamine was significantly reduced after cardiac denervation. There was a small, non-significant reduction in the inotropic and depressor responses after denervation. Administration of ICI 115881 significantly reduced both the inotropic and chronotropic response to dopexamine and caused a non-significant reduction in the depressor response. 5. The effect of raclopride (0.2 mumol kg-1, p.o.) was investigated by comparison of the dose-response curves for dopexamine in a control group of dogs (n = 6) to those obtained in dogs which had been pretreated with raclopride (n = 5). Raclopride had no significant effect on the cardiovascular responses to dopexamine. 6. In conscious, instrumented dogs (n = 5), pretreated with raclopride, dose-related positive inotropic and chronotropic and depressor responses to dopexamine infusions were recorded. The chronotropic responses in conscious animals were significantly greater than those in the anaesthetized animals.7. The results of this study indicate that both the positive inotropic and chronotropic actions of dopamine are due to a combination of direct, Beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated effects and the baroreceptor reflex response to the depressor action of the drug.