Oosting S J, Vlemmix P J, van Bruchem J
Department of Animal Husbandry, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Br J Nutr. 1994 Jul;72(1):147-65. doi: 10.1079/bjn19940016.
Untreated wheat straw (UWS) or ammoniated wheat straw without (AWS) or with (AWSP) a supplement of potato protein of a low rumen degradability was fed to three steers according to a 3 x 3 Latin square design. All rations were supplemented with sugar-beet pulp and minerals. Voluntary organic matter intake (OMI, g/kg0.75 per d) was 67.8, 76.0 and 80.1 for whole rations (51.1, 59.7 and 59.2 for straw) for UWS, AWS and AWSP respectively, which was significantly higher for AWS and AWSP than for UWS. Organic matter digestibility (OMD, g/kg) was 561, 596 and 625 for the respective rations UWS, AWS and AWSP, also significantly higher for AWS and AWSP than for UWS. The increased voluntary intake and digestion of ammoniated wheat-straw-based rations were associated with a significantly higher potentially degradable fraction (D) of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in offered straw (556 and 661 g/kg for untreated and ammoniated wheat straw respectively) and in the rumen pool (469, 555 and 554 g/kg for UWS, AWS and AWSP respectively). Isolated small rumen particles (retained on sieves with a pore size < 1.25 and > 0.041 mm) had a significantly lower D of NDF (average 588 g/kg) than isolated large rumen particles (average 663 g/kg). Fractional rates of degradation of NDF did not differ significantly either between untreated and ammonia-treated wheat straw offered (2.9 and 2.6%/h respectively) or between rumen pools (1.8, 1.7 and 2.1%/h for UWS, AWS and AWSP respectively). Rations based on ammoniated wheat straw had a significantly higher rumen NH3-N concentration than UWS. Although the rumen pool size of total contents differed significantly between treatments, those of dry and organic matter and of cell wall constituents were not significantly different. The proportion of rumen dry matter passing through a sieve with a pore size of 1.25 mm averaged 0.684 over rations (not significantly different between rations). Daily rumination (96 min) and eating (52 min) times/kg NDF ingested did not differ between rations. The rate of comminution of large particles estimated from the disappearance of indigestible NDF in large rumen particles from the rumen of animals without access to feed was 4.1, 6.3 and 7.1%/h for UWS, AWS and AWSP respectively. These values were not significantly different. The fractional rate of passage estimated from the faecal excretion of Cr-NDF was 5.4, 6.1 and 6.3%/h for UWS, AWS and AWSP respectively (significantly higher for AWS and AWSP than for UWS) but the turnover rate of indigestible NDF did not differ between treatments.
按照3×3拉丁方设计，将未处理的小麦秸秆（UWS）、未添加（AWS）或添加了低瘤胃降解性马铃薯蛋白（AWSP）的氨化小麦秸秆分别喂给三头阉牛。所有日粮均添加了甜菜粕和矿物质。UWS、AWS和AWSP全日粮的自愿有机物摄入量（OMI，g/kg0.75 per d）分别为67.8、76.0和80.1（秸秆分别为51.1、59.7和59.2），AWS和AWSP显著高于UWS。UWS、AWS和AWSP各自日粮的有机物消化率（OMD，g/kg）分别为561、596和625，AWS和AWSP也显著高于UWS。氨化小麦秸秆日粮的自愿摄入量和消化率增加，与所提供秸秆（未处理和氨化小麦秸秆分别为556和661 g/kg）以及瘤胃池中中性洗涤纤维（NDF）的潜在可降解部分（D）显著更高有关（UWS、AWS和AWSP分别为469、555和554 g/kg）。分离的小瘤胃颗粒（保留在孔径<1.25且>0.041 mm的筛网上）的NDF降解率（平均588 g/kg）显著低于分离的大瘤胃颗粒（平均663 g/kg）。未处理和氨化处理的小麦秸秆的NDF降解分数率在提供的秸秆之间（分别为2.9和2.6%/h）或瘤胃池之间（UWS、AWS和AWSP分别为1.8、1.7和2.1%/h）没有显著差异。基于氨化小麦秸秆的日粮瘤胃NH3-N浓度显著高于UWS。尽管各处理间瘤胃总内容物的池大小差异显著，但干物质、有机物和细胞壁成分的池大小没有显著差异。日粮中通过孔径为1.25 mm筛网的瘤胃干物质比例平均为0.684（日粮间无显著差异）。日粮间每摄入1 kg NDF的每日反刍时间（96分钟）和采食时间（52分钟）没有差异。从不采食动物的瘤胃中不可消化NDF的消失估计的大颗粒粉碎率，UWS、AWS和AWSP分别为4.1、6.3和7.1%/h。这些值没有显著差异。根据Cr-NDF的粪便排泄估计的通过分数率，UWS、AWS和AWSP分别为5.4、6.1和6.3%/h（AWS和AWSP显著高于UWS），但不可消化NDF的周转率在各处理间没有差异。
