Spatio-temporal regulation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in vivo in tumor and yeast cells.

Recent advances in the in vivo control and regulation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in yeast and tumor cells is revised. New insights are presented from old and new experimental data interpreted in the light of powerful new technologies (e.g. NMR, confocal microscopy) and quantitative techniques combined with mathematical modeling. Those new aspects are mainly concerned with the dynamical organization of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation which emerges from the multiple interactions between compartments and processes inside the cells. Those compartments may be of structural origin, e.g. plasma membrane defining the cell boundary, mitochondrial-cytoplasmic, or functional ones such as the alternative association-dissociation of enzymes to subcellular structures (e.g. mitochondria, cytoskeleton) with different kinetic properties in each state. A novel regulatory mechanism concerning polymerization-depolymerization of microtubular protein may add a new dimension to the in vivo physiological properties of cells. One main suggestion coming from the modulatory power of the polymeric status and concentration of cytoskeleton components is that it could function as an intracellular mechanism of synchronization between microscopic (local) to macroscopic (global) processes. How the cell "mixes" or switches on or off those regulatory steps or effectors under different physiological and environmental conditions and for different genetic backgrounds, is a main avenue of systematic research for the future.