Kundiev Y I
Institute for Occupational Health, Kiev, The Ukraine.
Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1994;7(1):3-11.
A new agrarian policy in a number of countries caused the necessity to introduce additional measures aimed at preventing of agricultural workers' health. The epidemiological studies in the Ukraine revealed the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension) particularly among operators of agricultural machines and workers being in contact with pesticides. The state of health of women working in greenhouses and those in sugar beet growing is assessed. The rate of spontaneous abortions and other pregnancy disorders as well as the retardation in physical development of newborns and infants are evaluated. The necessity to improve the ergonomy of agricultural machines, to increase their quality and reliability is emphasized. The search of physiological optimum of efforts to steering wheel and pedals is given as an example. This approach is of general significance and can be applied to road-building machines as well. The role of pesticide management in the Ukraine is also considered in this paper. The damage to human health and the environment is most often connected with violations of regulations, or persistent usage of highly toxic substances. The most urgent tasks are the revision of the registered and applied pesticides, development of new ecological and hygienic standards, improvement of biomonitoring methods and efficiency of the state sanitary supervision.
一些国家出台的新农业政策使得有必要采取额外措施来预防农业工人的健康问题。乌克兰的流行病学研究表明，心血管疾病（缺血性心脏病、动脉高血压）普遍存在，尤其是在农业机械操作人员和接触农药的工人中。对温室工作的女性以及种植甜菜的女性的健康状况进行了评估。评估了自然流产和其他妊娠疾病的发生率，以及新生儿和婴儿身体发育迟缓的情况。强调了改善农业机械人机工程学、提高其质量和可靠性的必要性。以寻找方向盘和踏板操作的生理最佳用力为例。这种方法具有普遍意义，也可应用于筑路机械。本文还探讨了乌克兰农药管理的作用。对人类健康和环境的损害大多与违反规定或持续使用高毒物质有关。最紧迫的任务是修订已注册和使用的农药、制定新的生态和卫生标准、改进生物监测方法以及提高国家卫生监督的效率。
