McConkey D J
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
New Horiz. 1993 Feb;1(1):52-9.
Apoptosis is a process of selective cell deletion involving endogenous endonuclease activation that mediates most examples of programmed cell death. Recent work has demonstrated that the process is regulated within the dying cell by signal transduction pathways, including increases in cytosolic ionized calcium concentrations, activation of protein kinases A and C, and stimulation of the nuclear enzyme poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase. In addition, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and transcription factors also regulate induction of cell death. Evidence also indicates that apoptosis mediates a number of instances of pathologic cell death and, in some of these examples, the biochemical mechanisms responsible appear to mimic the cell-signaling mechanisms controlling the process in physiologic situations.
细胞凋亡是一个涉及内源性核酸内切酶激活的选择性细胞清除过程，介导了大多数程序性细胞死亡的实例。最近的研究表明，该过程在垂死细胞内由信号转导通路调控，包括胞质游离钙离子浓度增加、蛋白激酶A和C的激活以及核酶聚（腺苷5'-二磷酸核糖）聚合酶的刺激。此外，癌基因、肿瘤抑制基因和转录因子也调节细胞死亡的诱导。证据还表明，细胞凋亡介导了许多病理性细胞死亡的情况，在其中一些例子中，负责的生化机制似乎模仿了生理情况下控制该过程的细胞信号机制。
