Siatras T, Poumarat G, Boucher J P, Le Flohic J C
Université Blaise Pascale, Laboratoire de Bomécanique et Instrumentation, Clermont-Ferrand II, Aubière, France.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1994 Jun;17(5):321-8.
The aim of this article is to review the basic research concerned with force and fatigue induced by electrical stimulation. Specific reports on human and animal models are covered. Articles dealing with specific afflictions of the neuromuscular system are also reviewed.
The main sources for article retrieval were the classic bibliographic data bases in the exercise, rehabilitation and physiological science fields such as Index Medicus and Medline. Indexing terms used included human and animal in conjunction with electrical stimulation, force and fatigue. Language and time constraints limited the search to French and English texts of this century. Proceedings of different electrical stimulation conferences were also covered.
All authors had to approve the selection of the articles to be included in this review. The narrow scope of the review made it possible to include most of the articles investigated. Redundancy of information was the only rejection criterion.
Initially, the first author collated the articles and extracted the relevant data. This collation was then verified with respect to the original information and approved by all authors.
Possible sites of the fatigue mechanisms may include the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, the neuromuscular junction, and the muscle excitation-contraction coupling. Even though not unanimous, data gathered from normal muscles seem to support that the major contributor to fatigue is the muscle fiber and not the nervous system or the neuromuscular junction. Other work involving paralyzed muscles suggest that electrically induced exercise alters the contractile properties of the muscle more specifically.
It appears that muscle intracellular processes dominate the force decrease associated with muscular fatigue. Accordingly, when dealing with a problem involving loss of force and hyperfatigability, the metabolic aspects and muscle physiology should be prime considerations in choosing a therapeutic approach. The nervous and/or neuromuscular implications are, however, not to be discarded.
本文旨在综述与电刺激引起的力量和疲劳相关的基础研究。涵盖了关于人类和动物模型的具体报告。还对涉及神经肌肉系统特定疾病的文章进行了综述。
文章检索的主要来源是运动、康复和生理科学领域的经典书目数据库，如《医学索引》和《医学在线》。使用的检索词包括人类和动物，以及电刺激、力量和疲劳。语言和时间限制将搜索范围限定为本世纪的法语和英语文本。不同电刺激会议的论文集也在检索范围内。
所有作者都必须批准纳入本综述的文章的选择。综述范围狭窄使得有可能纳入大多数被研究的文章。信息冗余是唯一的排除标准。
最初，第一作者整理文章并提取相关数据。然后将此整理与原始信息进行核对，并得到所有作者的批准。
疲劳机制的可能部位可能包括中枢神经系统、周围神经系统、神经肌肉接头和肌肉兴奋 - 收缩偶联。尽管并非一致，但从正常肌肉收集的数据似乎支持疲劳的主要原因是肌纤维，而非神经系统或神经肌肉接头。其他涉及瘫痪肌肉的研究表明，电诱导运动更具体地改变了肌肉的收缩特性。
似乎肌肉细胞内过程主导了与肌肉疲劳相关的力量下降。因此，在处理涉及力量丧失和过度疲劳的问题时，代谢方面和肌肉生理学应是选择治疗方法时的主要考虑因素。然而，神经和/或神经肌肉方面的影响也不应被忽视。
