Tagger M, Tagger E, Sarnat H
Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
J Endod. 1994 Jun;20(6):283-7. doi: 10.1016/s0099-2399(06)80817-4.
Investigations of the spread of anesthetic solutions administered with the periodontal ligament injection have reported conflicting findings. The purpose of this investigation was to study the distribution of the injected fluid by macroscopic and microscopic techniques. One third of the liquid of the carpules (2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine) was replaced with India ink as a marker. Injections were made with a pressure syringe, (Ligmaject) at 90 sites in 12 dogs. Twenty-five control sites were injected with a marked solution without a vasoconstrictor (3% mepivacaine). Seven dogs were killed within 24 h; the others after 5 days. Spread of the ink was studied in undemineralized slices, in three-dimensional cleared specimens, and in histological sections. The solution usually reached the alveolar crest, seeped under the periosteum, and entered into bone marrow spaces alongside vascular channels. The ink spread along the path of least resistance, influenced by the intricacies of anatomical structures and fascial planes, rather than penetrating into the periodontal ligament or in the root canal. In the controls without a vasoconstrictor the spread was more diffuse. Five days postoperatively, carbon particles were present only within macrophages.
关于牙周膜注射麻醉溶液扩散情况的研究报告结果相互矛盾。本研究的目的是通过宏观和微观技术研究注射液体的分布情况。将卡氏瓶中的液体（2%利多卡因加1:100,000肾上腺素）的三分之一替换为印度墨水作为标记物。使用压力注射器（Ligmaject）在12只狗的90个部位进行注射。25个对照部位注射不含血管收缩剂的标记溶液（3%甲哌卡因）。7只狗在24小时内处死；其余的在5天后处死。在未脱矿切片、三维透明标本和组织学切片中研究墨水的扩散情况。溶液通常到达牙槽嵴，在骨膜下渗出，并沿着血管通道进入骨髓腔。墨水沿着阻力最小的路径扩散，受解剖结构和筋膜平面复杂性的影响，而不是渗透到牙周膜或根管中。在没有血管收缩剂的对照组中，扩散更为弥散。术后5天，碳颗粒仅存在于巨噬细胞内。
