[The history of the pathological anatomy in the Soviet Union (author's transl)].

The development of the pathological anatomy in Russia and in the Soviet Union is described, beginning from the foundation of the first prosecture in 1707 up to the present time. In the first half of the 18th century, this special branch was supported by Peter I, whereas it developed very slowly in the second half of the 18th and in the 19th century. The importance of the school of pathologists of Moscow as well as of that of Petersburg and Leningrad, respectively, which played an essential role in the pathological anatomy is demonstrated by the work of some of the most outstanding representatives of the Russian and Soviet pathology. After the Great Socialist October Revolution infectious and nutritional diseases were in the centre of the pathological investigations. At present, the development of the Soviet pathology is characterized by a rapid increase in the number of pathological institutes and departments as well as by the introduction of new apparatuses and technics into the research work. Some of the most important scientific problems are mentioned.