Hellyer P W, Meyer R E
Department of Anatomy, Physiological Sciences and Radiology, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27606.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Jun;17(3):211-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00235.x.
The cardiac effects of hypertonic saline (HS, 7.5% NaCl) were evaluated using a number of indices derived from the left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume relationship. Left ventricular end-systolic elastance (elastance), the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, end-systolic elastance normalized for end-diastolic volume (elastance(norm)), the rate of rise of LV pressure (dP/dtmax), and dP/dtmax/end-diastolic volume were used to assess myocardial contractility. Pigs were anaesthetized with isoflurane and instrumented for haemodynamic measurements, LV pressure, and volume (conductance catheter) determinations. Elastance was determined during transient (8-10 s) caudal vena caval balloon occlusion. Following instrumentation, the end-tidal isoflurane concentration was reduced and maintained at 1 minimum alveolar concentration (1.5%). Pigs were randomly administered either 0.9% NaCl (n = 7) or HS (n = 9) at a dose of 4 ml/kg, over 3 min into the right atrium. There were no significant differences in LV or haemodynamic measurements between isotonic saline and HS treated pigs at any time point. Elastance, elastase(norm) and dP/dtmax/end-diastolic volume did not change in either treatment group. In contrast, dP/dtmax increased significantly (P < 0.015) at 5 min compared to baseline after treatment with HS. End-diastolic volume increased significantly from 5 to 30 min following treatment with HS. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased significantly at 5 and 60 min in HS treated pigs. Central venous and pulmonary arterial wedge pressures,and cardiac index increased significantly at 5 min after treatment with HS. Total peripheral resistance decreased significantly at 5 min, followed by a return to baseline in the HS group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
使用从左心室（LV）压力-容积关系得出的多个指标，评估了高渗盐水（HS，7.5% NaCl）对心脏的影响。左心室收缩末期弹性（弹性）、收缩末期压力-容积关系的斜率、根据舒张末期容积标准化的收缩末期弹性（标准化弹性）、左心室压力上升速率（dP/dtmax）以及dP/dtmax/舒张末期容积，被用于评估心肌收缩力。用异氟烷麻醉猪，并安装用于血流动力学测量、左心室压力和容积（电导导管）测定的仪器。在短暂（8 - 10秒）的尾腔静脉球囊闭塞期间测定弹性。安装仪器后，呼气末异氟烷浓度降低并维持在1个最低肺泡浓度（1.5%）。猪被随机以4 ml/kg的剂量在3分钟内注入右心房，分别给予0.9% NaCl（n = 7）或HS（n = 9）。在任何时间点，等渗盐水和HS处理的猪在左心室或血流动力学测量方面均无显著差异。两个治疗组的弹性、标准化弹性和dP/dtmax/舒张末期容积均未改变。相比之下，用HS治疗后，5分钟时dP/dtmax相较于基线显著增加（P < 0.015）。用HS治疗后，舒张末期容积从5分钟到30分钟显著增加。HS处理的猪在5分钟和60分钟时左心室舒张末期压力显著增加。用HS治疗后5分钟时，中心静脉压和肺动脉楔压以及心脏指数显著增加。总外周阻力在5分钟时显著降低，随后HS组恢复到基线水平。（摘要截短于250字）
