Elswood B F, Stricker R B
University of California San Francisco, Mission Center 94143-0286.
Med Hypotheses. 1994 Jun;42(6):347-54. doi: 10.1016/0306-9877(94)90151-1.
Although mass vaccination programs have resulted in the eradication of a number of human infectious diseases, vaccine contamination has been a persistent concern. In particular, it is now known that the early polio vaccines were contaminated with at least one monkey virus, SV40. The transfer of monkey viruses to man via contaminated vaccines is particularly relevant to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), since the causative agent of AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is thought to be derived from a simian precursor virus. Furthermore, human infection with this virus appears to be a relatively recent event. We hypothesize that the AIDS pandemic may have originated with a contaminated polio vaccine that was administered to inhabitants of Equatorial Africa from 1957 to 1959. The mechanism of evolution of HIV from this vaccine remains to be determined.
尽管大规模疫苗接种计划已经导致多种人类传染病被根除，但疫苗污染一直是一个长期存在的问题。特别是，现在已知早期的脊髓灰质炎疫苗至少被一种猴病毒SV40污染。猴病毒通过受污染的疫苗传播给人类与获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）特别相关，因为艾滋病的病原体人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）被认为起源于一种猿猴前体病毒。此外，人类感染这种病毒似乎是一个相对较新的事件。我们推测，艾滋病大流行可能起源于1957年至1959年给赤道非洲居民接种的一种受污染的脊髓灰质炎疫苗。HIV从这种疫苗进化的机制仍有待确定。
