MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994 Oct 28;43(42):771-3.
Influenza is a major cause of debilitating illness and premature death in the United States, particularly among persons aged > or = 65 years and those with chronic conditions such as lung or heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Medicare reimbursement for excess hospitalizations during influenza epidemics ranges from $750 million to $1 billion (1). In May 1993, influenza vaccination became a covered Medicare benefit after its potential cost-effectiveness was established by the Medicare Influenza Vaccine Demonstration (2). During the fall of 1993, the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) initiated an information campaign to promote use of the influenza vaccination benefit, implemented simplified billing procedures, and improved electronic billing capabilities. However, reports during the 1993-94 influenza season suggested problems experienced by state and local health departments in implementing the new benefit. To characterize public influenza vaccination programs and problems with implementing this benefit, in the spring of 1994, CDC collected information from all 63 state and local health departments receiving federal immunization grants. This report summarizes the reports from these programs.
在美国，流感是导致身体衰弱和过早死亡的主要原因，尤其是在65岁及以上的人群以及患有肺部或心脏疾病、糖尿病和癌症等慢性疾病的人群中。在流感流行期间，医疗保险为额外住院支付的费用在7.5亿美元至10亿美元之间（1）。1993年5月，在医疗保险流感疫苗示范项目确定了流感疫苗接种的潜在成本效益后，流感疫苗接种成为医疗保险覆盖的一项福利（2）。1993年秋季，医疗保健财务管理局（HCFA）发起了一场宣传活动，以促进流感疫苗接种福利的使用，实施了简化计费程序，并提高了电子计费能力。然而，1993 - 1994年流感季节的报告表明，州和地方卫生部门在实施这项新福利时遇到了问题。为了描述公共流感疫苗接种计划以及实施这项福利存在的问题，1994年春季，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）从所有63个接受联邦免疫拨款的州和地方卫生部门收集了信息。本报告总结了这些项目的报告。
