Maller J L
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262.
Mol Cell Biochem. 1993 Nov;127-128:267-81. doi: 10.1007/BF01076777.
This chapter is written as a contribution to a volume commemorating the work of Krebs and Fischer that led to awarding of the Nobel Prize in 1992. This award was made because of their fundamental discovery in the mid-1950s that protein phosphorylation was the underlying mechanism that accounted for the reversible modification of activity of glycogen phosphorylase in mammalian skeletal muscle. Although it could not be anticipated at the time that phosphorylation would turn out to be such a ubiquitous regulator of cellular functions, it is now evident that phosphorylation controls virtually every important reaction in cells and provides the basis for understanding how integrated cellular behavior is regulated by both extracellular signals and internal control mechanisms. This chapter relates the historical development in biochemical terms of protein phosphorylation as a regulator of the cell cycle in Xenopus oocytes and eggs.
本章是为纪念克雷布斯（Krebs）和费舍尔（Fischer）的工作而作，他们的工作使得1992年诺贝尔奖得以颁发。该奖项的授予是因为他们在20世纪50年代中期的重大发现，即蛋白质磷酸化是哺乳动物骨骼肌中糖原磷酸化酶活性可逆修饰的潜在机制。尽管当时无法预料到磷酸化会成为细胞功能如此普遍的调节因子，但现在很明显，磷酸化实际上控制着细胞内的每一个重要反应，并为理解细胞的整体行为如何受到细胞外信号和内部控制机制的调节提供了基础。本章从生化角度阐述了蛋白质磷酸化作为非洲爪蟾卵母细胞和卵子细胞周期调节因子的历史发展。
