Haas S B
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.
Orthopedics. 1994 Jul;17 Suppl:18-20. doi: 10.3928/0147-7447-19940702-08.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism are serious complications following hip and knee replacement surgery. Both surgical procedures have significantly high postoperative rates of DVT. In total hip replacement, the rate of proximal thrombi tends to be higher. However, total knee replacement produces a high rate of calf thrombi and a higher overall rate of thrombosis. In a search for innovative ways to reduce the risk of thrombosis, three types of anesthesia were examined: general anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, and hypotensive epidural anesthesia in which a controlled hypotension is provided. The hypotension commonly exists with epidural anesthesia also, unless blood pressure is maintained with an agent such as ephedrine. When blood pressure is allowed to drop in a controlled fashion, hypotensive anesthesia is effected.
深静脉血栓形成（DVT）和肺栓塞是髋膝关节置换术后的严重并发症。这两种手术术后DVT的发生率都相当高。在全髋关节置换术中，近端血栓的发生率往往更高。然而，全膝关节置换术会产生较高的小腿血栓发生率和更高的总体血栓形成率。为了寻找降低血栓形成风险的创新方法，研究了三种麻醉方式：全身麻醉、硬膜外麻醉和提供控制性低血压的低血压硬膜外麻醉。低血压通常也存在于硬膜外麻醉中，除非使用麻黄碱等药物维持血压。当血压以可控方式下降时，即实现了低血压麻醉。
