Witter R L, Hunt H D
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, Michigan 48823.
Poult Sci. 1994 Jul;73(7):1087-93. doi: 10.3382/ps.0731087.
Current poultry vaccines are based either on live attenuated organisms or on killed organisms. Future vaccines also may be based on deletion mutants, live viral or bacterial vectors that express foreign genes, and naked DNA. Vaccines have different purposes, depending on the disease, which govern their intrinsic characteristics. Improvement of vaccine efficacy can be addressed by modifications of the vaccine and its administration, modifications in the capacity of the host to mount an immune response, and modifications of environmental factors. The concept of "designer vaccines" for matching vaccines that deliver specific antigenic peptides to chickens with the MHC haplotype that best presents those peptides to T cells is discussed.
当前的家禽疫苗要么基于减毒活生物体，要么基于灭活生物体。未来的疫苗也可能基于缺失突变体、表达外源基因的活病毒或细菌载体以及裸DNA。疫苗有不同的用途，这取决于疾病，而疾病决定了它们的内在特性。可以通过对疫苗及其接种方式进行改进、提高宿主产生免疫反应的能力以及改变环境因素来提高疫苗效力。文中讨论了“定制疫苗”的概念，即针对具有能将特定抗原肽最佳呈递给T细胞的MHC单倍型的鸡，匹配能递送这些特定抗原肽的疫苗。
