Busey T A, Loftus G R
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Psychol Rev. 1994 Jul;101(3):446-69. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.101.3.446.
The authors describe a theory of visual information acquisition and visual memory. The theory has 2 major components. First, the visual system's initial sensory response to a short-duration, low-contrast stimulus is generated by a linear, low-pass temporal filter that operates on the stimulus's temporal waveform. Second, information is acquired from a stimulus through an independent-sampling process whose sampling rate at time t following stimulus onset is jointly proportional to (a) the magnitude by which the sensory response exceeds some threshold and (b) the proportion of still unacquired information. The theory was successfully tested in 5 variants of a digit recall task in which temporal waveform of the stimulus was systematically manipulated. In a final experiment, the theory simultaneously accounted for performance in detection and identification tasks. Implications for visual information processing, low-contrast detection, and binocular combination of information are discussed.
作者们描述了一种视觉信息获取和视觉记忆的理论。该理论有两个主要组成部分。首先，视觉系统对短持续时间、低对比度刺激的初始感觉反应是由一个线性低通时间滤波器产生的，该滤波器作用于刺激的时间波形。其次，信息是通过一个独立采样过程从刺激中获取的，在刺激开始后时间t的采样率与以下两者成正比：(a) 感觉反应超过某个阈值的幅度；(b) 仍未获取信息的比例。该理论在数字回忆任务的5个变体中得到了成功验证，其中刺激的时间波形被系统地操纵。在最后一个实验中，该理论同时解释了检测和识别任务中的表现。文中还讨论了该理论对视觉信息处理、低对比度检测和双眼信息组合的意义。
