Yaqoob M, Bell G M
Royal Liverpool University Hospital, U.K.
Ren Fail. 1994;16(4):425-34. doi: 10.3109/08860229409045074.
The male-to-female ratio of patients requiring dialysis treatment commonly approaches 2:1. It is proposed that environmental factors, particularly occupational exposure to hydrocarbons, may account for the excess number of male patients. The term "hydrocarbon" refers to the aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and halogenated hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform); glycols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dioxane, glycerol); and organic solvents. Hydrocarbons commonly find use as solvents in industrial manufacturing practices because of their lipid solubility. Hydrocarbons have long been known to be neurotoxicants, affecting both peripheral and central nervous systems. Although benzene and its derivative have a known association with uroepithelial tumors, there is now a considerable body of evidence suggesting a possible role for hydrocarbon exposure in the development of non-neoplastic renal diseases. This article presents an epidemiological case for such an association and critically reviews the literature.
需要透析治疗的患者中，男女比例通常接近2:1。有人提出，环境因素，特别是职业性接触碳氢化合物，可能是男性患者数量过多的原因。术语“碳氢化合物”指脂肪族、脂环族、芳香族和卤代烃（四氯化碳、氯仿）；二醇（乙二醇、二甘醇、二恶烷、甘油）；以及有机溶剂。由于其脂溶性，碳氢化合物在工业制造中常用作溶剂。长期以来，人们一直知道碳氢化合物是神经毒物，会影响外周和中枢神经系统。虽然苯及其衍生物与尿路上皮肿瘤有已知关联，但现在有大量证据表明，接触碳氢化合物可能在非肿瘤性肾脏疾病的发生中起作用。本文介绍了这种关联的流行病学案例，并对相关文献进行了批判性综述。
