Rutgers L J, Baarda D B
Werkgroep Diergeneeskunde & Samenleving, Faculteit Diergeneeskunde, Universiteit Utrecht.
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1994 Sep 15;119(18):525-35.
In autumn 1991, an inquiry was made among veterinary practitioners in the Netherlands to obtain information about the following normative questions: (1) which ethical issues are most troublesome in veterinary practice, (2) how do veterinary practitioners deal with ethical issues and (3) what is their opinion about the way ethical issues should be dealt with within the veterinary profession? Out of the population of Dutch veterinary practitioners (2155 persons) a questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 308 persons; 221 (72%) questionnaires were answered. One of the questions involved an inventory of ethical issues in veterinary practice. It is concluded from the results that ethical issues are perceived more as problems for the veterinary community than as individual problems. Moral problems in veterinary practice can generally be characterized as conflicts between interests and desires of animal owners and the moral responsibility for animals. In weighing interests of humans and animals the following animal dependent criteria can be distinguished: pain, health, welfare and integrity. Nearly all respondents (95%) answered that they would ideally take account of the welfare and/or integrity criterion, in addition to pain and health, in moral decision-making about treatment of animals. With regard to veterinary practice two important professional attitudes can be distinguished: an animal-oriented approach and a client-oriented approach. The survey revealed that the majority of practitioners (64%) give priority to the animal-oriented approach. Companion animal practitioners have a stronger animal-oriented attitude than farm animal and general practitioners, and female practitioners are more animal-oriented than their male colleagues. Regarding the process of moral decision-making, 78% of the practitioners want methodological support. The respondents prefer to be supported by means of discussion groups (51%) and post-academic education (34%). The survey revealed that 71% of the respondents are of the opinion that it is desirable that the veterinary profession takes a clear stand on particular ethical issues.
1991年秋，对荷兰的兽医从业者进行了一项调查，以获取有关以下规范性问题的信息：（1）兽医实践中哪些伦理问题最棘手，（2）兽医从业者如何处理伦理问题，以及（3）他们对兽医行业内伦理问题的处理方式有何看法？在荷兰兽医从业者群体（2155人）中，向308人的随机样本发送了问卷；221份（72%）问卷得到了回复。其中一个问题涉及兽医实践中伦理问题的清查。从结果可以得出结论，伦理问题更多地被视为兽医群体的问题，而非个人问题。兽医实践中的道德问题通常可被描述为动物主人的利益和愿望与对动物的道德责任之间的冲突。在权衡人类和动物的利益时，可以区分以下与动物相关的标准：疼痛、健康、福利和完整性。几乎所有受访者（95%）回答说，在对动物治疗进行道德决策时，除了疼痛和健康外，他们理想情况下还会考虑福利和/或完整性标准。关于兽医实践，可以区分两种重要的职业态度：以动物为导向的方法和以客户为导向的方法。调查显示，大多数从业者（64%）优先采用以动物为导向的方法。伴侣动物从业者比农场动物从业者和全科从业者更倾向于以动物为导向的态度，女性从业者比男性同事更倾向于以动物为导向。关于道德决策过程，78%的从业者希望得到方法上的支持。受访者更倾向于通过讨论小组（51%）和毕业后教育（34%）获得支持。调查显示，71%的受访者认为兽医行业就特定伦理问题表明明确立场是可取的。
